When designing Internet of Things (IoT) devices and systems, a variety of different wireless communication protocols can be used to communicate with the cloud. Among the many options, the best choices for a particular application can be determined based on their capabilities such as effective coverage, transmission distance, and data rate.
Today, when designing Internet of Things (IoT) devices and systems, a variety of different wireless communication protocols are available to enable communication with the cloud. While cellular and wireless LANs are evolving to meet the needs of IoT applications, there are still many emerging technologies that lock in such applications, making technology choices ever-increasing. Among the many options, you can determine the best choice for a particular application and situation based on its capabilities such as effective coverage, transmission distance, and data rate.
The demand for the Internet of Things market is influxFor application developers, one of the most important considerations for evaluating the suitability of wireless communication technology is the transmission distance. Many devices use a gateway with a broadband connection to transfer data to the cloud or retrieve data from the cloud. If a gateway exists in the application architecture, a short-range communication protocol with a lower transmission power can be used. In most cases, deploying a gateway may be too difficult or too costly to implement. For example, if a group of sensors is deployed along a large reservoir or train track in an open water, it is difficult to use the gateway because the sensor nodes are too scattered. transmission.
Today, such highly distributed sensors and meters are connected using a proprietary communication protocol, such as 868 MHz, if they are not connected to the cellular in the sub-GHz unlicensed band. This area is undergoing major changes because the market needs to be able to successfully guide the standards of the Internet of Things and the strategic changes of the telecommunications industry. When telecom operators seek to maximize their licensed spectrum configurations, the market also hopes that they can switch existing Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) networks below GHz to support Long Range Evolution (LTE) networks because of these new generations. The spectrum efficiency of the communication protocol is high.
In order to support the growth of Machine to Machine (M2M) and IoT communication, various vendors have proposed several LTE-based cellular protocols. In the short term, Cat-M offers a simpler form of LTE for IoT devices, providing data rates of up to 1 Mbit/s and access to popular cellular networks.
However, in the next two or three years, the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) defined narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) will likely provide more appropriate network support for IoT applications, helping to reduce device and Operating Costs NB-IoT uses a lower data rate of approximately 200 kbit/s and has better network access in difficult-to-access locations, such as instruments buried under the ground.
LoRa and SIGFOX operate primarily in unlicensed spectrum, providing transceiver design and pricing model options outside of the hive. Today's telecommunications operators charge for data usage, while business operators that support the license-free band can use a flat rate model, as low as $1 per device per year.
LoRa is a technology developed by Semtech that provides a wide range of Internet access options for IoT users through its own network base stations and the selection of new business operators to provide good control and potentially reduce costs. . Among them, the LoRa network built the Things Network in Crowdsourcing in Amsterdam in about 6 weeks, and cities around the world can repeat this model.
Microchips and STMicroelectronics and Semtech devices support LoRa technology with a transmission frequency of up to about 10 kilometers, so when used for devices buried under the ground, such as parking meters and water meters, It has an advantage over traditional radio systems. Resistance to interference from users in other license-exempt bands can be improved by spread-spectrum modulation, with data rates ranging from 300 bit/s to 50 kbit/s, similar to existing Integrated Packet Radio Service (GPRS) connections.
On the other hand, SIGFOX uses ultra-narrowband transmission technology to limit power, with a range of 50 km in suburban environments, and data rates ranging from 10 bit/s to 1 kbit/s. Unlike most other communication protocols, SIGFOX is a one-way link. This link can consume the power of the smallest IoT node because there is no need to wake up the radio frequency (RF) transceiver and listen to incoming traffic for a long time, but the limitation of this link is that it cannot be updated remotely using the traditional SIGFPOX transceiver. Software, so it needs to be updated with another radio transmitter.
However, some RF transceivers designed for the license-free Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band can handle relatively simple SIGFOX emissions requirements. Solutions that have announced the use of SIGFPX to provide connectivity capabilities for the Internet of Things include On Semiconductor and its AX-SIGFOX single-chip solutions, as well as Arrow Electronics, which sells its own SmartEverything development board. Arduino size and prototype development platform for networking and M2M applications.
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