An important role in the field of automotive active safety systems-TPMS
TPMS is the English abbreviation of "TIre Pressure Monitoring System", which is mainly used for real-time automatic monitoring of tire pressure when the car is running, and alarming of tire leakage and low air pressure to ensure driving safety. Early warning system for life safety of drivers and passengers.
In the process of high-speed driving of a car, tire failure is the most worrying and difficult to prevent for all drivers, and it is also an important cause of sudden traffic accidents. According to statistics, 70% to 80% of traffic accidents on highways are caused by flat tires. Preventing flat tires has become an important issue for safe driving. The TPMS system is one of the most ideal solutions.
How TPMS works
The TPMS system is mainly composed of two parts: a remote tire pressure monitoring module installed on the automobile tire and a central monitor (LCD / LED display) installed on the automobile cab. It is directly installed in each tire to measure the tire pressure and temperature module, and the measured signal is modulated and transmitted through high-frequency radio waves (RF). The central monitor receives the signal emitted by the TPMS monitoring module and displays the pressure and temperature data of each tire on the screen for the driver's reference. If the tire pressure or temperature is abnormal, the central monitor sends out an alarm signal according to the abnormal situation to remind the driver to take necessary measures.
According to the working principle, TPMS can be divided into indirect type (judgment of tire pressure difference based on wheel speed difference) and direct type (sensor directly measures tire pressure / tire temperature). Due to the indirect tire pressure monitoring system, there are development bottlenecks that are prone to false alarms, difficulty in locating faults, and slow response to alarms. At present, indirect research and development worldwide does not regard indirect tire pressure monitoring systems as the main direction of attack.
There are many companies that develop direct tire pressure monitoring systems around the world, and they are generally divided into two directions: one direction is to develop this system as a comfort system, and the other direction is to develop it as a true active safety equipment. The typical solution of the tire pressure monitoring system developed in the direction of the comfort system is a unidirectional system, that is, there is only a unidirectional communication path from the tire electronic module to the wireless receiver. At present, most of the commercialization and research and development are in this direction. These companies include German companies Beru, Siemens VDO (ConTInental), Irish Schrader, American Lear, TRW, and Japanese Pacific Industrial. Its products have been put into mass production.
The technical route developed in the direction of active safety is mainly a two-way system, that is, there is a two-way communication path from the tire electronic module to the wireless receiver and from the wireless receiver to the tire electronic module. The two-way system can be subdivided into: complete two-way and quasi-two-way system according to the working mode. The quasi-bidirectional system refers to a system in which bidirectional communication exists only during the starting and stopping phases of the vehicle, while the complete bidirectional system is a system in which bidirectional communication exists during vehicle starting and stopping and during operation. Compared with the complete two-way system, the quasi-two-way system has a defect that the communication reliability of the vehicle during driving is uncontrollable, and the monitoring of the tire electronic module cannot be achieved. The companies currently developing quasi-bidirectional systems include German Beru and American Lear. Their products have been mass-produced and applied to several high-end models.
Pioneer in energy saving and emission reduction
Tire pressure is an important indicator that affects the driving performance and safety performance of the car. If the tire pressure is too low or leaks, the friction with the ground will increase exponentially, which will also accelerate tire wear and increase fuel consumption. Because the sidewall of the tire is the weak part of the tire, when the air pressure is too low, it will be continuously squeezed and stretched, which is easy to cause fatigue failure and flat tire. Therefore, real-time monitoring of tire pressure is an important means to ensure tire safety. TPMS is a new technology developed and designed to improve the safety of automobiles based on such requirements. It uses automotive electronic technology, sensor technology, wireless communication technology, etc. to monitor the air pressure of all tires in real time while the car is running, and leaks tire Alarm with low air pressure. Therefore, TPMS contributes greatly to improving the safety and economy of automobiles.
Using a tire pressure detection system not only makes driving safer, but also saves fuel. Continental Automotive has estimated that as long as the tire inflation pressure is lower than the car manufacturer's recommended value of 0.3 bar, it will consume 1.5% more fuel. If all cars and trucks are equipped with tire pressure detection systems, Europe alone can reduce CO2 emissions by 10 million tons per year.
In Europe, about 90% of tire problems are caused by slow air leaks. Due to the continuous slow leakage due to the contact between the tire and the wheel hub, the air pressure will drop by more than 0.2 bar within three months of each tire. Therefore, only normally inflated tires can ensure the best working condition and reduce rolling resistance to achieve maximum fuel efficiency. Unsuitable tire pressure causes the tire's rolling resistance to increase significantly, which in turn leads to an unnecessary increase in fuel consumption and an increase in CO2 emissions. At the same time, the braking distance of the car will be longer. If the tires of all cars are kept under the correct pressure, the cost of driving cars in Europe can be reduced by 3.4 billion euros a year.
Global market and application
Institutions around the world are discussing whether it is necessary to force all new cars and trucks to install electronic tire pressure detection systems, to explore their feasibility and rationality, and specific implementation methods.
According to US regulations, since September 2007, all new cars with a load capacity of less than 4.5t must be equipped with a tire pressure monitoring system.
Europe is currently discussing this measure. According to the European Commission ’s opinion, all new cars must be equipped with TPMS from 2012. The European Commission hopes to adopt this regulation to promote environmental protection and reduce the number of vehicle accidents caused by tire failure.
In China, there are many companies investing in the research and development of TPMS, but at present there is no real batch of OEM batches, most of which are concentrated in after-sales, such as Shanghai Taihao, Baolong, Hangsheng, and Suzhou Ante.
The TPMS system is only factory-installed on a few mid-to-high-end models. For example, Audi and Magotan produced by FAW Volkswagen are equipped with a one-way direct TPMS system, and quasi-bidirectional is equipped on German Volkswagen Phaeton and Touareg Direct TPMS system. Including Shanghai Volkswagen, Shanghai Auto, Shanghai GM, Chery, etc., many Chinese automakers have started or plan to equip TPMS systems.
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