Researchers Han Li, Liang Yixin and Zhang Wenhui from the CCID Research Institute of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology told reporters that the US “301 Survey†essentially implies “Made in China 2025â€. The real focus is on industrial competition. Its purpose is to curb the manufacturing industry in China. Be strong.
For a time, the Sino-US trade war was filled with smoke.
On March 23, the results of the “301 Survey†issued by the United States claimed that the Chinese government’s laws, policies and practices on technology transfer, intellectual property and innovation brought about $50 billion in losses to the US economy. The survey proposes to impose a 25% ad valorem tax on China's aerospace, ICT, machinery and other industries, restricting China's "investment in acquiring key US technologies" and filing a lawsuit against the WTO on technology transfer.
US President Trump signed a presidential memorandum saying that according to the results of the "301 investigation," large-scale tariffs will be imposed on goods imported from China, and Chinese companies will be restricted from investing in the United States.
However, on March 26, US Treasury Secretary Mnuchin said that the US is in talks with China and he is cautiously optimistic about reaching an agreement to avoid Trump's taxation of Chinese goods. Mnuchin said that the two countries agreed to reduce the deficit to a certain extent, and tried to see whether the two countries can reach a fair agreement acceptable to China, open the market, lower tariffs, and stop compulsory technology transfer.
Liang Yixin, Han Li and Zhang Wenhui, research fellows of the Institute of Industry and Economics of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, told reporters that the US “301 Survey†essentially implies “Made in China 2025â€. The real focus is on industrial competition. Its purpose is to curb the manufacturing industry in China. Be strong.
For the counterattack "301 investigation", the team suggested using the WTO multilateral rules to increase the double dumping and countervailing efforts on imported products from the United States; formulating a precise trade counter-checklist to consider soybeans, cotton, gasoline off-road vehicles, aircraft and Air parts, petrol passenger cars and other tariffs increased by 25%, the counter-measure amount is roughly equivalent to the US 50 billion list; once again, consider the import substitution strategy of key products such as soybeans and aircraft, and hit the Trump election ticket warehouse; finally, new The State Administration of Market Supervision should strengthen the investigation of domestic anti-monopoly and unfair competition.
Reporter: US President Trump said that according to the "301 investigation" results, tariffs will be imposed on 60 billion US dollars of Chinese goods, and will limit China's investment in the US technology industry. What is the real motive of Trump?
Han Li: Trump's move targets high-speed rail equipment, aviation products, new energy vehicles, next-generation information technology, industrial robots, agricultural machinery and equipment, new materials, biomedicine and high-performance medical equipment, aiming to accurately strike China. The export of high-tech products and restrictions on China's high-tech enterprises to invest in the world, thereby curbing China's development of high-end manufacturing through the "Made in China 2025" strategy, to achieve a transition from a manufacturing power to a manufacturing power.
The essence of the US "301 investigation" implies the "Made in China 2025" strategy. The huge trade deficit, the national security threat and the ineffective protection of China's intellectual property rights are all excuses and weights.
The tariff list is focused on high-tech products such as smart technology and communication products, but it avoids the products with huge trade deficits such as textiles and light industry that play an important role in the overall welfare of the United States. It also shows the Trump administration. Real intentions.
Reporter: "301 investigation" essentially implies how to understand "Made in China 2025"? Why does the US want to curb China's manufacturing industry to become bigger and stronger?
Liang Yixin: The "301 Survey" is accused of the Chinese government's ineffectiveness in intellectual property protection. Its essence is to curb the top ten key development areas of "Made in China 2025", including the new generation of information technology industry, high-end CNC machine tools and robots, and aerospace. Equipment and other high-end manufacturing industries.
After years of layout and development, China has achieved major breakthroughs in high-speed rail equipment, communications equipment, power generation equipment and other fields, and the national layout of integrated circuits is also steadily advancing.
Since 2016, foreign institutions such as the American Chamber of Commerce have voiced their voices and questioned that "Made in China 2025" uses state power to support advanced manufacturing industries on a large scale.
US Secretary of Commerce Ross issued a statement saying, "Through 'Made in China 2025', China plans to become a leader in many high-tech fields such as semiconductors, artificial intelligence, driverless cars, biomedicine, etc. Theft of US intellectual property rights, forcing US corporate technology Transfer is one of the ways for China to achieve this goal. It is necessary and legitimate for President Trump to instruct USTR to launch a '301 investigation to protect US innovation."
It can also be seen that the US “301 Survey†is directed at “Made in China 2025â€, and the purpose is to curb the manufacturing industry in China.
Reporter: Trump claims that the move is based on the results of the “301 Surveyâ€. How do you view this basis? Is this investigation conflicting with the WTO?
Liang Yixin: Trump’s signing of the presidential memorandum is the result of the “301 investigation†initiated against China last year. The Chinese government's measures and measures evaluated by the “301 Survey†are not within the scope of WTO agreement regulation. In this sense, the US launch of the "301 Investigation" procedure itself does not violate the WTO Agreement. If it finds that certain measures of the Chinese government violate the WTO Agreement during the investigation, it can be resolved through the WTO dispute settlement mechanism. However, the United States unilaterally suspends tariff reductions under the "301 Investigation", which inevitably violates the obligations or commitments of the WTO Agreement. China can sue the United States in the WTO Dispute Settlement Body, or directly conduct trade counter-measures.
Reporter: If the US imposes tariffs on Chinese goods based on the “301 Investigationâ€, which areas are the most affected? What specific products will this measure involve?
Zhang Wenhui: The US tax collection list is mainly concentrated on the end products with relatively high added value in the electronics and machinery industries. These two industries are most affected by the impact.
In 2017, China's electronics industry exported US$146.3 billion to the US, accounting for 20.4% of China's electronics industry's exports. Among them, the products exported to the US for more than 2 billion US dollars are: telephones, data processing equipment, monitors and projectors, television receivers, video game controllers, microphones, speakers, transformers, converters and inductors, circuits Switches, electrical installations, incandescent bulbs and discharge lamps, radio transmission equipment, etc., China's exports to the United States accounted for 25.1% of China's exports to the world.
In 2017, China's machinery industry exported US$73 billion to the US, accounting for 19.2% of China's machinery industry's exports. Among them, the products exported to the United States exceeding US$1 billion are: automobiles and their accessories, insulated wire and cable, faucet cock valves, pneumatic or hydraulic tools, electrical equipment, air pumps, electric motors, drive shafts, reefer boxes, electrical controls. Bases, liquid pumps, non-mechanically driven vehicles and their parts, screws, bolts and nuts, etc., China's exports to the United States account for 24.8% of China's exports to the world.
From the above data, the electronics and machinery industry accounted for about 20% of the total exports of similar products in the United States. The US market is particularly important for China. Therefore, once the United States imposes high tariffs on China, it will Exports have a big impact.
Reporter: After the US attack, the Ministry of Commerce issued a list of suspension concessions for the US import of steel and aluminum products 232 measures. What do you think of this?
Liang Yixin: In fact, China’s direct losses in this US “232 investigation†are not large, and steel exports to the United States account for only about 1.5% of China’s total exports.
However, Canada and Japan have already announced restrictions on imports of steel from China. On March 23, Japan decided to impose anti-dumping duties on some steel products produced in China and South Korea, with a maximum tax of 69.2%. This is actually the United States through a 232 investigation, combined with its allies, launched a new round of overcapacity of overcapacity products such as China's steel and aluminum.
On March 23, the counter-measures issued by the Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China for the US 232 investigation suspended the product reduction list by approximately US$3 billion, which was equivalent to the 232 investigation of the losses of Chinese steel and aluminum products.
This also shows that China does not want to escalate Sino-US trade frictions. It is still based on defending China's basic interests and looks forward to negotiating negotiations with the United States and striving to return to normal channels. However, if the United States continues to move further and further on the path of unilateral trade protectionism, China’s counter-measures against the United States will gradually increase.
Reporter: China has repeatedly emphasized compliance with multilateral trade rules and safeguarding the authority of the WTO. Is there any hope that under the WTO framework, disputes between China and the United States will be resolved through consultation?
Liang Yixin: China certainly hopes that the United States will return to the WTO framework to solve the Sino-US trade issue, but at present it is less likely to be seen. Trump has previously identified China as a "strategic competitor."
For the US unilateral trade protectionism, "a small war to stop the war" should be a pragmatic strategy China should adopt, but "one will not be afraid, the second will not hide" is also the position and attitude that China must show to the United States and the international community. .
China's trade counter-measures "more tools"
Reporter: In response to the "301 investigation" measures initiated by the United States, what counter-measures can China use? In terms of steps, what do you think China should do?
Liang Yixin: First of all, we must exhaust the WTO multilateral rules and increase the double dumping and countervailing efforts on imported products from the United States. In particular, it has increased the "double-reverse" investigation of copper waste materials, paper, cars and other products.
Second, develop a precise trade counter-checklist. Consider raising 25% tariffs on soybeans, cotton, gasoline off-road vehicles, aircraft and aerospace parts, petrol passenger cars, polyacetals, and ethylene polymers. The counter-measure is roughly equivalent to the US 50 billion list.
Again, consider import substitution strategies for key products. Consider import substitution strategies for products such as soybeans, airplanes, color ultrasonic diagnostics, and lasers.
In particular, soybeans, 57.1% of soybeans exported to China in 2017, amounted to about 14 billion US dollars. Just countering soybeans accounted for 28% of Trump's $50 billion list and could hit the Trump election ticket. At the same time, with this opportunity, we will adjust the country structure of soybean imports, increase the proportion of soybean imports from Brazil and the Black Sea region, and change the situation that soybeans are subject to the United States.
Finally, the use of domestic laws and regulations, through increased market supervision, create a level playing field. Recently, the institutional reform of state organs, the establishment of the State Administration of Small and Medium Enterprises, and the coordination of domestic anti-monopoly and unfair competition investigations. Many companies in the United States have the advantage of utilizing technological advantages and favorable international division of labor to monopolize the Chinese market and suspected of unfair competition. They should use China's Anti-Monopoly Law to increase post-event market supervision and create a level playing field.
Reporter: Is there any possibility of further escalation of Sino-US trade war? What does this mean for Chinese manufacturing?
Han Li: From the current situation, Trump is working with the EU, Canada and Japan to increase the coercion of China with the help of trade deficit, national security issues, overcapacity and intellectual property issues. Although it is not China's willingness, in the future, in order to defend national interests, China is bound to launch a new round of game with the United States and related countries.
The United States imposes tariffs on China's high-tech products and restricts Chinese companies' overseas investment, which is bound to worsen the development environment of China's high-end manufacturing industry. In the future, the transfer of normal technology to China by multinational corporations may be more restricted. The US's export control of high-end servers and chips in high-end servers and network communication equipment will be further strengthened; Chinese companies, especially state-owned enterprises, will invest in the United States and globally. The national security review will be more stringent.
In the case of semiconductors, the US Foreign Investment Committee (CFIUS) vetoed or suspended five Chinese corporate mergers and acquisitions in 2016. In 2017, Trump vetoed China's private equity fund to acquire US LatTIce chip company and Beijing NavInfo's acquisition of European electronic map company, together with other countries to limit the global development of China's semiconductor and electronic information manufacturing field.
On the other hand, the United States’ “encirclement of China’s 2025†also shows that China has seized the key and core of manufacturing to become bigger and stronger. In the future, we must maintain our strategic strength and continue to rely on “Made in China 2025†to further develop domestic strong market demand, expand the “Belt and Road†market, break through the core key technologies as soon as possible, and complete the transformation of new and old kinetic energy.
HIFU Piezoelectric Ceramic Parts
High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) technology is to focus ultrasound on a single point to produce high energy, function on the dermis and SMAS layer of skin, stimulate the proliferation and recombination of collagen, effectively achieve the effect of compact contour and smoothing lines.
Focused ultrasound does not heat the skin surface, nor does it need to pass through the skin as a medium for the transmission of laser energy, so it does not affect the tissue on the skin surface and the tissue through which the laser passes, of course, there will be no excessive heat residue on the skin surface. In this way, the epidermis will not be affected by heat, which can reduce the Eastern people's thermal reaction easily, and greatly reduce the chance of scald. Focused ultrasoundtherapy produces thermal coagulation points in the SMAS layer, and the thermal effect diffuses outward from the coagulation points, so the heat source is concentrated in the SMAS layer to be treated. It can produce more collagen denaturation.
Ultrasonic Transducer Component,Piezo Crystal For Vibration Transducer,Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Rings,High Power Ultrasonic Machining
Zibo Yuhai Electronic Ceramic Co., Ltd. , https://www.yhpiezo.com