Entering lower power for the speaker, yes, low power below the recommended value can damage the tweeter. Unfortunately, this is a ubiquitous phenomenon: because the power amplifier inputs a lower than (not higher than) the recommended power rating for the speaker, the tweeter of the speaker system is damaged. We know that this is a bit difficult to understand. Let's see how it happens and then list some preventative solutions.
Too little, too much
The frequency energy of music is not balanced. The music bass area has far more power than the midrange and treble areas. If you look at the attached chart, you can see that the octave power is usually less than 10-20dB for the bass and midrange frequencies.
Therefore, even if we let the high frequency in the music material have a peak of 10dB, it is common. Generally, the high frequency unit of the system only needs to process about one tenth of the power required for the medium and low frequency components.
Natural music energy distribution is good for our work. It means that a speaker system capable of handling 100 watts of power should have a high frequency unit capable of handling 10 watts of power. Therefore, if the high frequency unit is designed to have a processing power of 20 watts (characteristic of many JBL speakers), then the safety factor of the high frequency unit is 100%.
The conclusion is that the processing power of the speaker system components corresponds to the natural energy distribution of the music.
Basic characteristics of amplifier power
The power output specifications of the amplifier are not absolute. Under certain operating conditions, such as when the level control is set too high or when the input signal is too large, the amplifier can exceed its fixed output value. The power output rating of the amplifier is related to a given level of total harmonic distortion (THD).
Amplifiers can do this if more power is needed, but at a considerable level of distortion. For example, an amplifier rated at 10 watts (8-20 Hz under 8 ohm load) can produce 20 watts of output power to the speaker without exceeding 0.5% THD.
Under these equally unfavorable conditions, a 20 watt amplifier can provide 40 watts to the speaker; a 35 watt amplifier can provide 70 watts, and a 50 watt amplifier can provide 100 watts. This distorted output is likely to appear in the high range, which we will talk about very quickly.
This is the killer
The extra power generated by the amplifier's overload is rich in harmonics (distortion). These harmonics are particularly dangerous for high frequency units. Harmonics are frequencies that are several times higher than the original signal; therefore, the high-frequency unit of the speaker system must bear the brunt of the distortion – even if the original signal might be from a bass guitar.
Waveforms seen under the oscilloscope
When a sine wave test signal (the signal consists of a fundamental frequency without a multiplier or harmonic) is displayed on the oscilloscope screen, the extremes at the top and bottom of the oscilloscope usually exhibit a circular outline.
The average output power is half of the peak output power. When the amplifier is overloaded, the profile is “omittedâ€, producing an adjacent rectangular wave with an average power close to the peak power and a flat area at the highest and bottom limits. When this happens, the power delivered to the high frequency unit is twice the rated output power of the amplifier, and the high frequency unit may not be able to handle the irregular load.
A higher power amplifier, regardless of the situation, is capable of producing the required power level in an unlimited range, allowing the speaker system to receive resources with a common energy level distribution. In this case, it is also the least likely to damage the high frequency unit.
There are no hard rules. Very few speakers have a level meter that accurately indicates the amplifier overload value that would damage the speaker. The position of the amplifier's volume control is not the solution to the problem - rotating to half the position will often produce an amount greater than or less than 50% of the amplifier's power. There is no absolute position, although we hope to have it.
Several criteria
1) Buy an amplifier that provides more power than you need. Keep in mind that in the face of transient pulses of sound power called transients, the speaker may require up to 10 times the average power level. If the amplifier has enough spare power, the transient will be clear. If not, the transient will become blurred or dull. When the amplifier is depleted of undistorted power, it is forced to exceed its set capacity to create dangerous power levels that are rich in high frequency distortion.
2) Do not drive the amplifier with clipping. Clipping sometimes sounds like a stylus, and it usually happens when the system is running at a loud volume level. If clipping occurs frequently, turn down the volume or install a large amplifier that provides the required power without distortion.
3) Do not connect or disconnect the amplifier during operation. The operation of pulling out or inserting an amplifier, preamplifier or receiver during operation can produce a huge humming sound in an instant. Usually these humming sounds occur at high frequencies, and it quickly destroys the speaker voice coil.
4) Practice audio precautions. If your tape drive is playing, it will scream and destroy the high frequency unit when in fast mode (in or out). Turning down the volume in quick mode is a simple solution. In addition, it is necessary to adjust the low volume when processing the phonograph pickup.
If the phono pickup inadvertently touches the record during the volume up. The resulting low frequency noise can ruin the speaker. Do not excessively increase the low frequency at high volume, which will easily cause the amplifier to overload. Keep in mind that a 3dB increase in volume is just a whisper, but it requires twice the power of the amplifier, and many equalization controls provide 15dB of enhancement.
Remember, if a small amplifier must be overloaded in the auditorium to achieve the desired volume, it will produce high power and distortion levels, and users are advised to purchase large amplifiers with minimal distortion.
The amplifier selected in any case should have an output power rating greater than the required maximum power value. This reserve of backup power ensures that the amplifier does not provide more power than it is designed. The end result will be a distortion-free sound reproduction and a nearly unlimited lifetime of the speaker.
Too little, too much
The frequency energy of music is not balanced. The music bass area has far more power than the midrange and treble areas. If you look at the attached chart, you can see that the octave power is usually less than 10-20dB for the bass and midrange frequencies.
Therefore, even if we let the high frequency in the music material have a peak of 10dB, it is common. Generally, the high frequency unit of the system only needs to process about one tenth of the power required for the medium and low frequency components.
Natural music energy distribution is good for our work. It means that a speaker system capable of handling 100 watts of power should have a high frequency unit capable of handling 10 watts of power. Therefore, if the high frequency unit is designed to have a processing power of 20 watts (characteristic of many JBL speakers), then the safety factor of the high frequency unit is 100%.
The conclusion is that the processing power of the speaker system components corresponds to the natural energy distribution of the music.
Basic characteristics of amplifier power
The power output specifications of the amplifier are not absolute. Under certain operating conditions, such as when the level control is set too high or when the input signal is too large, the amplifier can exceed its fixed output value. The power output rating of the amplifier is related to a given level of total harmonic distortion (THD).
Amplifiers can do this if more power is needed, but at a considerable level of distortion. For example, an amplifier rated at 10 watts (8-20 Hz under 8 ohm load) can produce 20 watts of output power to the speaker without exceeding 0.5% THD.
Under these equally unfavorable conditions, a 20 watt amplifier can provide 40 watts to the speaker; a 35 watt amplifier can provide 70 watts, and a 50 watt amplifier can provide 100 watts. This distorted output is likely to appear in the high range, which we will talk about very quickly.
This is the killer
The extra power generated by the amplifier's overload is rich in harmonics (distortion). These harmonics are particularly dangerous for high frequency units. Harmonics are frequencies that are several times higher than the original signal; therefore, the high-frequency unit of the speaker system must bear the brunt of the distortion – even if the original signal might be from a bass guitar.
Waveforms seen under the oscilloscope
When a sine wave test signal (the signal consists of a fundamental frequency without a multiplier or harmonic) is displayed on the oscilloscope screen, the extremes at the top and bottom of the oscilloscope usually exhibit a circular outline.
The average output power is half of the peak output power. When the amplifier is overloaded, the profile is “omittedâ€, producing an adjacent rectangular wave with an average power close to the peak power and a flat area at the highest and bottom limits. When this happens, the power delivered to the high frequency unit is twice the rated output power of the amplifier, and the high frequency unit may not be able to handle the irregular load.
A higher power amplifier, regardless of the situation, is capable of producing the required power level in an unlimited range, allowing the speaker system to receive resources with a common energy level distribution. In this case, it is also the least likely to damage the high frequency unit.
There are no hard rules. Very few speakers have a level meter that accurately indicates the amplifier overload value that would damage the speaker. The position of the amplifier's volume control is not the solution to the problem - rotating to half the position will often produce an amount greater than or less than 50% of the amplifier's power. There is no absolute position, although we hope to have it.
Several criteria
1) Buy an amplifier that provides more power than you need. Keep in mind that in the face of transient pulses of sound power called transients, the speaker may require up to 10 times the average power level. If the amplifier has enough spare power, the transient will be clear. If not, the transient will become blurred or dull. When the amplifier is depleted of undistorted power, it is forced to exceed its set capacity to create dangerous power levels that are rich in high frequency distortion.
2) Do not drive the amplifier with clipping. Clipping sometimes sounds like a stylus, and it usually happens when the system is running at a loud volume level. If clipping occurs frequently, turn down the volume or install a large amplifier that provides the required power without distortion.
3) Do not connect or disconnect the amplifier during operation. The operation of pulling out or inserting an amplifier, preamplifier or receiver during operation can produce a huge humming sound in an instant. Usually these humming sounds occur at high frequencies, and it quickly destroys the speaker voice coil.
4) Practice audio precautions. If your tape drive is playing, it will scream and destroy the high frequency unit when in fast mode (in or out). Turning down the volume in quick mode is a simple solution. In addition, it is necessary to adjust the low volume when processing the phonograph pickup.
If the phono pickup inadvertently touches the record during the volume up. The resulting low frequency noise can ruin the speaker. Do not excessively increase the low frequency at high volume, which will easily cause the amplifier to overload. Keep in mind that a 3dB increase in volume is just a whisper, but it requires twice the power of the amplifier, and many equalization controls provide 15dB of enhancement.
Remember, if a small amplifier must be overloaded in the auditorium to achieve the desired volume, it will produce high power and distortion levels, and users are advised to purchase large amplifiers with minimal distortion.
The amplifier selected in any case should have an output power rating greater than the required maximum power value. This reserve of backup power ensures that the amplifier does not provide more power than it is designed. The end result will be a distortion-free sound reproduction and a nearly unlimited lifetime of the speaker.
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