At the end of 2017, four companies, including Suzuki and Subaru of Japan, and Daihatsu and Toyota Hino Motors, decided to join the new electric vehicle research and development company led by Toyota Motor Corp., and established a 7-company alliance with the original Toyota, Mazda and Denso. , Sharing intellectual property rights and accelerating the construction of basic technologies for electric vehicles.
In recent months, Toyota has significantly accelerated its transition to electric vehicles. First, it announced that by around 2030, it will increase the global sales of electric vehicles, which currently account for about 15% of the group, to 50%, and invest 1.5 trillion yen by 2030 to develop vehicle-mounted batteries. Then they joined hands with Panasonic to jointly develop electric vehicle battery business.
As one of the leaders in the global automotive industry, Toyota was not active in electric vehicles in the past, but will focus on the research and development of hybrid vehicles and next-generation hydrogen energy vehicles. This move toward electric vehicles is considered mainly for two reasons. First, its main competitor, Volkswagen Group, has accelerated the development of electric vehicles after the “emissions incident†and will launch 80 models of electric vehicles by 2025. Second, the global environmental protection industry is strengthening its environmental protection restrictions. The United Kingdom announced that it would completely ban the sale of fuel vehicles in 2040. China, the world’s largest auto market, has also increased its sales of electric vehicles and will ban the sale of fuel vehicles on the agenda.
Toyota did not favor electric vehicles before because of the bottleneck in on-board battery technology. Existing liquid batteries cannot meet long-distance driving needs in terms of safety and energy density. Therefore, in the future, anyone who can make breakthroughs in battery technology will master the key to the electric vehicle market.
Toyota’s partner Panasonic has a leading edge in battery development and is a supplier of Tesla Motors in the United States. Matsushita President Tsuichi Kazuhiro recently stated that it will take 5-10 years to complete the transition to all-solid-state batteries in cooperation with Toyota to develop the next-generation all-solid-state battery.
The positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the electrolyte of the all-solid-state battery are solid, and there is no liquid leakage problem, and the safety is high; the charging is completed in only a few minutes, and can be greatly shortened compared with the current tens of minutes of the mainstream lithium ion battery. Time; battery capacity is increased to extend the distance of a single charge.
A senior automotive industry consultant in Japan told this reporter that the electric vehicle strategy is a big challenge for Toyota and Japanese car companies. Compared with about 20,000 parts for traditional fuel vehicles, electric vehicles only need 10,000 parts and are more similar to the IT and electronics industries in terms of operation, that is, standardization and plug-and-play of component interfaces. This will break the existing advantages that Japanese car companies are good at coordinating with many parts companies. In addition, the battery accounts for about 60% of the cost of electric vehicles, and the existing value chain of Japanese automakers will face greater adjustments.
Toyoda President Toyoda Toyoda recently called on Japanese car makers to work together to establish a unified battery specification to compete against overseas counterparts.
In the three core technologies of electric vehicles - batteries, motors and electric control, Japan still has certain advantages, but Europe, America and China are catching up. Volkswagen announced that it will invest 34 billion euros (about 4.5 trillion yen) in the development of electric technology between 2018-2022. The above consultants believe that the electric vehicle industry needs large investment. If Japanese car companies still stick to conventional thinking, they will miss opportunities.
However, Toyota Chairman Akira Uchiyama believes that there are still many issues that need to be solved in pure electric vehicles such as cruising range and battery life. The era of full auto-automation will take a long time. Hybrid and plug-in hybrid vehicles will continue to be long-term. Become mainstream.
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