The main design challenges for LED lighting applications include the following: heat dissipation, high efficiency, low cost, dimming without flicker, wide dimming, reliability, safety, and elimination of color cast. These challenges need to be addressed by a combination of appropriate power system topology, drive circuit topology, and mechanical design.
Since the LED light must be able to fit within the original old socket, heat dissipation is a big problem that must be overcome. Strictly speaking, this can be solved by mechanical engineering techniques. The responsibility of LED system manufacturers is to develop new technologies and try to increase the brightness of LEDs (ie the amount of lumens per unit of power).
The relatively high cost of LEDs is a major obstacle to the large-scale take-off of the LED lighting market. For example, Alexander Sommer, Director of Product Marketing, Power Management Business Unit, Infineon Technologies, Inc. said: "Most LED lighting applications that are less than 25W are marker lights, signage lights, and alternatives to standard incandescent and halogen lamps. But with existing The initial cost of LEDs is still a major barrier to entry into the mass market compared to fluorescent and incandescent technology."
Xu Ruibao, engineer of Cytech's product and design department, also agrees that the main commercialization challenge is cost. He said: "At present, LED lighting systems of various powers are achievable on the circuit. The technical challenges come from the requirements of terminal applications, such as automotive applications, taking into account optical design and overall thermal design. Commercial deployment The challenge comes mainly from LED costs."
Thermal considerations for LED lighting design
LED lighting systems below 25W are generally designed for applications such as reading desk lamps, corridor lights, living room spotlights, home dining lights, night lights, etc. Customers generally expect such applications to be designed as small as possible, so their PCBs can be placed in a design. The space is relatively small, so the temperature inside the package space may be high when used for a long time. Since the designer is unlikely to install a cooling fan inside it, its thermal design becomes critical and important.
“Most of the low-power LED lighting applications that are less than 25W require a certain amount of miniaturization. This often results in higher power density, although the power consumption is not very large. Sufficient thermal management measures must be provided by an improved mechanical structure. Electrical efficiency helps reduce power consumption,†AlexanderSommer points out. “If further thermal losses are needed, this can be done by electrical isolation because it enables the most efficient heat transfer. These methods also allow for optimized lumen output. â€
Another idea to prevent the LED from working overheating for a long time is to use a dimming solution. Sang CheolHer, marketing manager for high-voltage IC products at Fairchild Semiconductor, said: "Comparing fluorescent and incandescent lamps, dimming solutions are an important way to reduce LED power consumption. This solution is implemented using dimming controllers, especially for less than 25W. The LED driver solution is more important because of the small PCB size and limited package space, and the heat dissipation problem is inevitable."
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