Unconsciously, I have been in contact with the MCU for more than two years. From the initial MCS-51 to the later AVR and MSP430, I still have a little understanding of the MCU. Of course, I am still only a rookie who is getting started soon. Technology I am still a beginner, there are people outside, there are really too many cows. I often have students asking me how to learn from the microcontroller. My answer is two words: practice. I feel that practice can tell the truth. If you don’t practice, you will never learn from a single-chip computer. If you look at a hundred recipes, you can’t cook forever. If you read a hundred books, you can’t learn to swim. It is a truth. So how to practice? This may be the most concerned issue for beginners. There are many similar answers on the Internet. This is a commonplace, as long as you are a thoughtful person, a large search.
Simply talk about the steps to learn a microcontroller:
1. Buy commonly used tools (multimeter, soldering iron, soldering iron, rosin, solder, screwdriver, solder, camera) and electronic components (universal board, resistors, capacitors, LEDs, rectifier bridges, digital tubes, common Connectors) Etc.), first make a 5V DC power supply (transformer / rectifier bridge / 7812 / 7805 / electrolytic capacitors, the polarity of the capacitor can be reversed), and then start from the basic LED driving circuit, sink current or pull current? How big is the current limiting resistor? How do you calculate it? Do you find that you don't understand a lot of basic knowledge, and you can't even name the component model. It doesn't matter, ask more people, forums, QQ technology group, there are still people who are enthusiastic. Prepare a notebook and useful knowledge should be written down.
2. Use the universal board to build a minimum system of 51 (of course, start with 51, too much information), light up an LED, then digital tube, buzzer, relay, EEPROM, AD/DA, LCD, clock Chips, digital thermometers, infrared remote control codec, etc., which are commonly used in triodes, sometimes used for amplification, sometimes with switches, must be understood clearly. It seems that the work to be done is really quite a lot. This can't be anxious, the same is the same, who makes you want to learn the true skills. It is also very convenient to buy a development board. If you can stick to DIY, it is also fun. Many chips can be applied for free. It is best to apply for a film from Maxim. Many of the chips I use are from there, such as MAX1270, DS12C887, DS18B20, MAX518, MAX396, MAX7219, MAX145, etc. I am sincerely grateful to Maxim for providing me with a free lunch. If you really want to use it, just apply, just be curious, or be greedy and cheap, then don't apply, don't let people know what to do with China's future electronics engineers. Of course, the datasheets of these chips are all in English, so college friends, even though we are learning electricity, English still has to learn.
3. MCU programming, most people first contact assembly, to learn a good MCU, assembly is to understand, but in the end you must master the C language, C language is really too powerful, too convenient, the benefits do not need to say more. IDE personally feels the best is Keil, recommend it here. At the beginning, of course, it started from the marquee. There are a lot of source code for the MCU experiment on the Internet. They are excellent learning materials. If you digest it, the harvest will be great. The serial port communication example of "hello world" should be tuned as soon as possible. In the absence of an emulator, the serial port is the best debugging tool. An expert once pointed me: to get a processor, the first thing to do is to open the serial port. A serial port is like a martial arts person who has opened up the whole body and muscles, and then learning other martial arts will be easy. The timer is a very important resource for the microcontroller, and its usage must be clear. Supreme said that a single-chip without a timer is not a single-chip microcomputer. In fact, I have never seen a single-chip microcomputer without a timer. In addition, a good programming style is also very important. If you look at the relevant information, you will benefit a lot, and there is a lot of information on the Internet.
4. The program is written, how to download to the microcontroller, always borrowing someone else's programmer is always not very good, and now some microcontrollers have ISP functions, such as 89S5X and AVR microcontroller. There is an Easy 51Pro v2.0 universe version online, the information is very full, thanks to the selfless dedication of the predecessors. According to the circuit he said, he is an ISP download line, which is very easy to use. If it is not easy to do it yourself, it is not expensive to buy a ready-made one. If this money is still reluctant, then try STC's 51 series MCU, you can use the serial port to burn your program, this is actually called IAP, interested can go online to search. Of course, if you use more microcontrollers later, the programmer is still indispensable.
5. Troubleshoot the MCU fault: For the problem of the MCU, first figure out the three elements of a CPU work: power supply, clock source (crystal oscillator), reset circuit, is there no problem, if there is an oscilloscope, it is better, see Does the ALE pin have a square wave signal of fosc/6, and some indicate that the MCU is working, the three elements have been met, and if there is no, then it can only be annoying. It is very simple, the circuit on the reference book is generally no problem. .
If you do something yourself, it can be regarded as an introduction. There will be a sense of accomplishment, but don't be satisfied with this little success. These are all tricks. The road ahead is still long, such as FPGA, PCB, DSP, ARM, etc., all need to learn. Save your circuit and source code, it's your wealth. Will be useful to them. In addition, what you do may be functionally realized, and there is still a big gap from a mature product. Stability and anti-interference are not minor problems. This knowledge must have a good circuit-based theory. The number of electricity, mode, and signal that are learned in the university are very important, especially the mode, and review it carefully to ensure that you will have new gains every time you review. The road is long and it’s a long way to go.
The earth is really dangerous. There are no two brushes to stand on. There must always be people who eat, children's shoes. The necessity of mastering a technology is self-evident. If you want to learn, don't hesitate, don't wait for tomorrow.
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