Recently, China Blue-G New Energy Technology Group Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of Iridium Electric, signed a $50 million purchase license agreement with Hydrogenics of Canada. The agreement stipulates that Hydrogenics will deploy a system for China's 1,000 zero-emission hydrogen fuel cell buses.
Coincidentally, Beijing Hydrogen Chuangneng Technology Co., Ltd. and Guoda Hydrogen Energy Technology Co., Ltd. signed a set of 500 sets of 30KW vehicle fuel cell stacks worth 120 million yuan, and delivered them by the end of 2017.
Behind the large number of fuel cell orders, on the one hand, at the end of last year, the new subsidy policy introduced by the four ministries and commissions clearly pointed out that fuel cell vehicle subsidies did not decline. At present, the fuel cell is subsidized according to the model, which is four times that of the United States and Japan. On the other hand, fuel cells do have high energy density and high power density unmatched by lithium batteries.
Although the embedded reaction principle used in lithium-ion batteries is groundbreaking compared to the heterogeneous redox reaction mechanism of conventional secondary batteries, breaking the traditional idea that the negative electrode must be a lithium source, and achieving high voltage and high specific energy The secondary battery system has made great achievements in social commerce. However, based on the unique heterogeneous electrocatalysis and open working principle, the fuel cell is a relatively advanced development level of the secondary battery in terms of electrochemical devices.
Why is the fuel cell relative to the secondary battery a more advanced level of development?
1, working methods
First of all, from the way of working, lithium batteries can not have too high energy density. Because the secondary battery is a sealed operation, it must also be developed to a fully sealed system and strive to be maintenance-free. This is especially important for lithium batteries. It is this point that determines the energy density of lithium batteries is definitely limited. And it can't be too high. Otherwise sealed + high energy = bomb.
However, automotive development requires higher energy density, and it is necessary to adopt an open working principle, such as a lithium-air battery. To some extent, lithium-air batteries are also a kind of semi-fuel battery, but due to some basic technical limitations, it is impossible to apply it on a large scale. Therefore, from the fundamental demand for energy density, the open working mode of fuel cells is a higher level of development than secondary batteries.
2, the working principle
Secondly, from the working principle of the fuel cell, both the oxidation of hydrogen and the reduction of oxygen can obtain a higher exchange current density on the surface of the Pt/C catalyst, which makes the hydrogen fuel cell have extremely high power; The energy density of the battery is a hydrogen-dependent storage system that can increase the battery energy density by simply increasing the volume or amount of the hydrogen storage tank. That is to say, the fuel cell has both high energy density and high power density.
In fact, no secondary battery system has been comparable to PEMFC in terms of energy density and power density. It is worth noting that battery life and power are precisely the most basic technical requirements of modern cars. Of course, safety is a higher priority, but no matter how you look at it, the safety of fuel cells is above the secondary battery. Therefore, from the perspective of electrochemical devices, fuel cells have a higher level of development than secondary batteries.
3, the nature of work
Finally, from the point of view of work, the secondary battery is an energy storage device that realizes the storage and release of electrical energy through a reversible electrochemical reaction. The fuel cell is an electric energy production device that converts the chemical energy in the fuel into electrical energy by electrocatalytic reaction, and the working mode is similar to that of the internal combustion engine.
In other words, the energy of a lithium battery is converted into electrical energy to chemical energy to electrical energy, while the fuel cell directly converts chemical energy into electrical energy. From the perspective of energy conversion, fuel cells are undoubtedly a higher level of development than secondary batteries.
to sum up
Even though hydrogen fuel cells are a higher level system than lithium batteries, the current industry and technology maturity of lithium-ion batteries is much higher than that of fuel cells. At present, the development of hydrogen fuel cells faces four major difficulties: 1. The cost and service life of hydrogen fuel cell stacks; 2. The high comprehensive cost of hydrogen mass production, transportation and filling (hydrogenation station) processes; The construction of the terminal hydrogen refueling station is a difficult problem at the government level; 4. In the long run, it depends on the large-scale and inexpensive preparation of hydrogen.
Although Toyota and Honda successively released fuel cell vehicles in 2015 and 2016, the mass-produced fuel cell vehicles actually detonated the entire industry, but the difficulties faced by the above hydrogen fuel cells were not solved, and fuel cell vehicles were difficult to solve. As far as the current research and industrialization of hydrogen fuel cells is concerned, it will take at least 5-10 years for the large-scale commercialization of fuel cells.
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