March 30, according to VentureBeat, can artificial intelligence (AI) systems create art that rivals the creation of humans? Researchers and artists have been trying to translate creativity into algorithms. To know whether these attempts can create great works of art that transcend humanity, such as music, poetry, fiction, and other visual arts, let us first understand where human creativity comes from.
Although human rational thinking and mathematical computing seem to be inherent, we still need education to fully develop and use these capabilities. For this reason, we study natural laws, logical reasoning, and moral confusion. Even the best of us will make bizarre irrational decisions without being able to shake off the influence of prejudice. On the other hand, human emotions, intuition, and creativity only require a little bit of training. Every child will cry, laugh, create, destroy, inquire, and explore without any hints, not to mention the baptism of receiving education. Education is used to shape these impulses, teach children to learn to control their emotions, guide their creative abilities, and determine whether to create or destroy in a more precise way.
Computer systems are completely different. The algorithmic tasks they excel at are precisely the lack of human abilities. They can calculate the puzzles that countless scientists are incapable of doing in one thousandth of a millisecond, but do not expect computers to tell jokes or play love songs. Even if AI is progressing at a very rapid rate, people are still skeptical about whether AI can learn to create art. However, progress in areas that are not directly related to creativity shows that AI may create art. The algorithm has solved many of the most difficult logic puzzles set by humans and the AI ​​system is undergoing the challenge of understanding the language. Some AI systems have already defeated the human champions in go or poker, and now they are on the streets trying to prove that they are as safe as human drivers.
Many similar skills are closely related to creativity itself. Language, in particular, requires both the observance of organizational rules and space for the pursuit of art, such as storytelling or writing poetry. Although we can call music "organized voice" and call it "organized color", AI is still not comparable to traditional art creation. After all, the former believes in eternal standards.
Human creative mechanism
What's fascinating is that the human brain has logical thinking and creativity that can determine different psychological processes. Logic runs a set of rules and procedures in an orderly manner. While creativity and intuition are a bit confusing, they are straightforward. First of all, we should admit that there are at least two forms of creativity. We can call the sudden emergence of creativity in the shower as inspirational thinking. And when we are at its peak, our thinking will continue to spread and test rules and norms, just as a pianist improvises. In both cases, focus and cognition are set aside, and emotional expression and subconsciousness will play a major role.
Spiritual roaming (that is, giving up the mental state of conscious thinking and freeing the mind) is closely related to the above creative process. Insight comes from spiritual roaming, which can touch rich and unexpected things through images and thoughts flowing through it. Unlike mathematical formulas or logical structures, these processes are not easily reconstructed in the form of computers.
Long before the formal psychological study of creativity, the artists had already understood the power of spiritual wandering. When surrealist painter Salvador Dali was accustomed to sitting in a chair, the key held in his hand was hung over the plate, and he recalled happy moments before falling asleep. When a strange idea comes up, the key will fall and wake him up so that he can use these ideas.
Of course, not every "shower idea" deserves to be called an idea. Some ideas may seem rather ridiculous on the second day, and some music creations are not harmonious enough. For those who have reached the artistic realm, some more subtle things are still needed. The creator must first understand the rules before they can effectively break the rules. They must have a certain feeling to create the feelings, emotions, and effects that they are looking for. In this case, they can turn old ideas into new ideas to some extent. Artists combine things in new ways and look at them from a new perspective, and finally create them using materials that we are already familiar with (such as colors, sentences, or tunes).
This leads to a consensus that in the words of Steve Jobs, it is simply generalized that creativity is simply connecting things, and that “only†makes it seem far easier than it actually is. But we can't just casually connect and advertise creativity. It needs goals, whether it's solving a problem or depicting an idea. We can teach AI systems to mix things (such as images, intonation, and vocabulary), but can we make them more meaningful and smarter?
Artificially created attempts
Not only is it necessary to clarify the principles of creativity, but it is also necessary to study how to teach it to smart machines. This extreme challenge has not stopped researchers from trying. There are many AI systems that can compose music, write articles, and create examples of visual arts, some of which are even harder to distinguish from the art of human creation. Researchers from the Sony Computer Science Laboratory, Gaetan Hadjeres and Francois Pachet, are training their AI system to write Bach-style music.
As MIT Tech Review pointed out, these tracks were chosen because the process of creating them was done step by step and using algorithms. The AI ​​system was trained to use Bach's 352 hymns, and then a total of 2,503 tracks were written by converting different keys. When creating their own Bach-themed hymns, the AI ​​system fooled most of the 1600+ listeners, including professional musicians and music students.
In the area of ​​poetry, AI did not pose a great threat to poets. In the contest held in Dartmouth, the judges asked participants to submit 10 sonnets, which are 14 poems with special rhymes. Some of them are created by humans, while Others are written by machines. In the competition, all judges can identify the works created by AI.
What about AI's novels? A machine-learning enthusiast once shared the deep writing neural network training method in the Medium post. He used the first four books of the Harry Potter series to train deep learning algorithms and share the results. Although AI's novels are interesting to read, JK Rowling doesn't seem to worry.
In the field of visual arts, AARON seems to have gained some fame. It is an AI system developed by the artist Harold Cohen. It was born in 1973, when Cohen became more and more interested in computers, thinking that they might be able to create paintings themselves. In an interview with the BBC on smart machines, Cohn stated that AARON’s autonomy was already strong enough to disrupt the people who wrote the program. Although Cohen denied that AARON was really creative, he believed that the system must be creative for many years. He said: “I don’t deny that possibility. At some point in the future, the machine may be able to create something that is close to art. But this is more complicated than pro-driving a driverless car in the city. It may not be until recently at the end of this century. Nothing can be achieved.†Since the birth of AARON, this system has created many vibrant abstract paintings.
Enjoy the art of machine creation
However, there are still several important issues that have not been resolved. What will we feel about the art of intelligent machine creation? Do we appreciate their creativity and design? Will these arts appear cold and alienated, so that we do not feel the emotional connection with them?
One school believes that the value and significance of the existence of art has nothing to do with the creator. However, many people believe that the artist's story behind art and information can influence our perception of art works. You can test your ideas with thought experiments: Imagine that you are standing in front of a famous artist's painting. Suddenly you find that the painting is a fake. Can you still feel fun? If a fake painting is almost identical to the original in terms of hue, detail, etc., will you treat it as worthy of the original?
When you show someone a face or an object, what people tend to value the most? Paul Bloom, a psychologist, said: “People’s assessment of them is strongly influenced by the information you tell them.†This idea has already been confirmed in experiments. A violinist played at a Washington subway station. A total of 32 US dollars was donated. The passers-by were not told that the violinist was Joshua Bell, who had released more than 30 albums and had performed in the White House. A few days ago, Bell also performed at the Symphony Hall in Boston. Tickets exceeded $100. If people know this information, will more people stop listening to his performance? Almost certainly, although he played the music exactly the same.
As you can see, creativity will continue to be human-specific. Although these AIs try to pursue higher art pursuits, they still cannot compete with human artists. Composing is the most persuasive evidence, even if one chooses tracks that are particularly suited to algorithmic style. In most areas, algorithms have shown that they can't break the rules and often create inconsequential things by sticking to the rules. No one knows when the digital version of Picasso will appear, but one thing is certain: As machines become more intelligent and more capable, they will come closer and have real creative power. (small)
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