First, the working principle of DC stabilized power supply
The DC stabilized power supply is a device that converts 220V power frequency AC power into a regulated DC voltage. It needs to be transformed, rectified, filtered, and stabilized.
The four links work as follows:
(1) Power transformer: It is a step-down transformer that converts the 220V AC voltage of the power grid into an AC voltage that meets the needs and sends it to the rectifier circuit. The transformer ratio is determined by the secondary voltage of the transformer.
(2) Rectification filter circuit: The rectifier circuit converts the AC voltage Ui into a pulsating DC voltage. The filter circuit filters out the large ripple component and outputs a DC voltage U1 with a small ripple. Commonly used rectification and filtering circuits include full-wave rectification filtering and bridge rectification filtering.
(3) Filter circuit: Most of the AC components in the output voltage of the rectifier circuit can be filtered out to obtain a relatively smooth DC voltage. Each filter capacitor C satisfies RL-C=(3~5)T/2, or T For the input AC signal period, RL is the equivalent load resistance of the rectification filter circuit.
(4) Voltage regulator circuit: The function of the voltage regulator circuit is to stabilize the output DC voltage and not change with the AC grid voltage and load changes. Commonly used integrated regulators are fixed three-terminal regulators and adjustable three-terminal regulators. Commonly used adjustable positive voltage integrated regulators are available in the CW317 (LM317) series. Their output voltages are adjustable from 1.25V to 37V. The simplest circuit external components require only one fixed resistor and one potentiometer. The chip has transition, overheat and safe working area protection, and the maximum output current is 1.5A. The typical circuit is as shown in the following figure. The resistor R1 and the potentiometer R2 form an output voltage regulator. The expression of the output voltage Uo is: Uo=1.25 (1+R2/R1) where R1 is generally 120-240 ohms, and the output terminal and the adjustment terminal are The dropout voltage is the regulator's reference voltage (typically 1.25V).
Second, the application of DC stabilized power supply
DC stabilized power supply is an indispensable device in the field of electronic technology. Most common DC stabilized power supplies use the series feedback regulator principle. The output voltage is adjusted by adjusting the potentiometer in the sampling resistor branch of the output. Due to the non-linearity of the resistance change of the potentiometer and the narrow adjustment range, it is difficult for the ordinary DC stabilized power supply to accurately adjust the output voltage.
Third, the prospect of DC regulated power supply
In recent years, with the development of science and technology, the operating frequency of DC stabilized power supplies has grown from a few tens of kilohertz to hundreds of thousands now, but there is still a certain gap with the developed countries in the West; The country's research in this area has turned to the technological leadership of high-frequency power supply topology theory, working principle, modeling analysis, etc. Therefore, the development and application of DC stabilized power supply is also a big gap in this respect. .
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