Abstract: This paper mainly introduces the working mechanism of Fujitsu's system LSI chip MB86R01, as well as the ARM926EJ-S core integrated on a single chip, image display controller (GDC), vehicle communication functions, and various media interface functions. The chip can process data from car navigation devices or digital dashboards and information on the vehicle network to improve the comfort of the driving environment while achieving high quality image and video display.
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With the huge intelligence needs of the automotive, communications, information appliances, medical, military and other industries, embedded software and systems are developing rapidly. Microprocessors range from 8-bit to 16-bit, 32-bit or even 64-bit, from single-chip CPU chips to multi-variety, from single core to other functional modules in addition to the core. Moreover, with the continuous innovation of hardware technology, the processing power of hardware platforms is continuously enhanced, and the cost is declining. Embedded software has become a key and driving technology for digital transformation and intelligent value-added of products. Therefore, the development of an integrated embedded control, high-speed data acquisition and network communication, and provides a friendly human-machine interface hardware platform and a variety of bus interfaces, is of great significance for improving the reliability of embedded systems and networking flexibility. .
According to this, the MB86R01 chip introduced in this paper integrates ARM926EJ-S core, 2D/3D display, vehicle communication function and various application interfaces into a single chip, with high integration and intelligence. It also supports program protection to prevent illegal reading and tampering.
1 MB86R01 working mechanism
The MB86R01 chip is a 16/32-bit RISC embedded microprocessor based on the ARM926EJ-S core from Fujitsu, which is mainly for car navigation systems and dashboards. The ARM926EJ-S processor features complete memory management, high performance, low die size and low power consumption for important multitasking processor applications; support for 32-bit ARM and 16-bit Thumb instruction sets; support for ARM debug systems and includes Supports hardware and software debugging logic; has a cached Harvard bus architecture and provides a complete high-performance processor subsystem, including:
(1) An ARM926EJ-S fixed-point kernel (integer);
(2) a memory management unit (MMU);
(3) separate instruction and data AMBA AHB bus interface;
(4) Separate instruction and data TCM interface.
The internal structure of MB86R01 is more complicated, mainly including ARM9 core, drawing display controller, USB multimedia system interface, CAN controller, and hard disk interface IDE66 (parallel-ATA/ATA PI-5). The internal structure of MB86R01 is shown in Figure 1.
The MB86R01 provides a very complete set of peripherals for a general-purpose system and minimizes overall system consumption. And it has many common modules, so there is no need to add additional devices. The functions integrated on-chip mainly include the following aspects:
â—‡Using 90nm process;
â—‡ The internal memory controller operates at 320MHz;
â—‡ Display resolution: industry standard display resolution, from 320*240 to 1024*768;
â—‡ has EMT9 and JTAG ICE interface;
â—‡ Built-in external DDR2 (frequency: 166MHz / double edge: 333MHz) and memory interface, can support high-speed operation;
â—‡ has a parallel Flash/SRAM host interface;
â—‡ has a parallel ATA interface;
â—‡SD card interface;
â—‡CAN controller interface;
â—‡MediaLB interface;
â—‡USB2.0 multimedia system interface;
â—‡I2C interface;
â—‡I2S interface;
â—‡SPI interface:
â—‡ADC interface;
â—‡PWM interface;
â—‡GPIO interface;
â—‡UART interface;
◇The temperature range is from -45 to +85 °C;
â—‡ power loss: 1.5W;
â—‡Package: molecular compound plastic ball grid package array 484 pin (PBGA484);
â—‡ has an extended external bus to support software development and hardware debugging.
1.1 Image Display Controller (GDC)
MB 86R01 internal integrated image display controller MB86296 is 32-bit, with a variety of human-machine interfaces, combined with a variety of functions required by the automotive environment, its main function is to control the LCD panel when displaying rich image content, other functions including viewpoint Navigation, analog measuring instruments and real-time display of two brushes, as well as other information displays that do not put too much pressure on the main CPU. The specific functions of its internal integration are described as follows:
(1) has a geometry engine that enables accurate digital graphics processing through floating point operations.
(2) With RGB/YUV dual video display and output, and can capture video, it can store digital video data in DVD and other graphics memory. The brightness, saturation and contrast of video input can be programmed.
(3) With dual display function, video and images can be displayed on the same screen to provide high-definition maps or images.
(4) Supports 6 layers of overlap/α blending, and the 6-layer display supports 4 different color palettes, each providing 256 colors. All layers provide 24 or 16 bit resolution direct color or 8-bit resolution indirect color. And the display resolution is from 320*240 to 1024*768.
(5) With 2D/3D drawing engine, compatible with 2D/3D graphics card (166MHz) function, in addition to formal 3D drawing such as shadow, texture, texture mapping, the hardware also supports the "thick line" and "dashed line" which are most suitable for maps. ""Slash", combined with the graphic fidelity function, can draw smooth and beautiful lines, as well as the ability to draw intersections and stereo intersections based on depth rendering.
(6) Provide 200MHz to 400MHz display point clock frequency, the controller is rated at 1.8V, 500mA and 3.3V, 100mA, and Fujitsu
Some graphics display controller ICs are compatible, no external additional logic is required, and can be used for different host CPU buses.
(7) Support texture mapping (video material), the largest mapping unit to 4096*4096.
The internal structure of MB86296 is shown in Figure 2.
1.2 Built-in peripheral interfaces for in-vehicle communication/media networks
In automotive electronics, the merger of in-vehicle control systems and infotainment systems is accelerating. As a vehicle-mounted communication interface, the device has built-in CAN and MediaLB, and has built-in USB as a multimedia interface. IDE66 (parallel-ATA/ATAPI-5) is built in as a hard disk interface, and I2S is built in as an audio interface. Kind of peripheral interface. This product can meet all the requirements from vehicle communication control to multimedia processing with a single chip.
1.3 Support program protection
In recent years, the digitization of car dashboards is accelerating, and there has been a tendency to externally store Flash-ROMs that store basic software. Therefore, countermeasures against illegal reading and tampering with the ROM code are required. MB86R01 satisfies this requirement, supports program protection, and can encrypt programs using its own defined key.
2 with operating system application
MB86R01 chip can be used without operating system, but in order to realize complex resource utilization, improve hardware function utilization efficiency, simplify development, and achieve real-time, multi-threaded work, real-time embedded operating systems such as Linux, WinCE, VxWorks are required. , UC/OS-II, QNX, TRON, etc. Linux and WinCE systems are suitable for multimedia, car navigation and entertainment systems; for VxWorks, UC/OS-II, QNX, TRON systems, based on fast start-up, real-time performance, and more for automotive digital instrument display. I have successfully implanted UC/OS-II into MB86R01 to realize multi-task real-time display of automotive digital instrumentation.
3 Conclusion
Fujitsu's MB86R01 ARM9-based chip is suitable for advanced navigation and video display in automotive applications. It can be used as a digital digital display for automobiles. It is used to replace the mechanical instruments commonly used in automobiles, and to transplant operating systems to ARM9. After that, it is easy to realize multi-thread multi-task display of the instrument at the same time, such as displaying the speed, speed, water temperature, oil quantity and other information, simultaneously playing audio and video, dual-screen display, and the like. The rapid development of embedded systems is bound to continue to promote the forward development of ARM technology. Based on the powerful ARM core of MB86R01, it has the advantages of small size, high performance and low power consumption, so it will have broad development prospects.
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