This is the recently purchased adjustable power supply kit input 220V output 12V AC, through the transformer, rectification, filtering, comparison amplification, adjustment circuit, sampling circuit output stable voltage,
It is a simple series stabilization circuit.

Output voltage analysis: On the way, D1 and D2 are two diodes. Because of the upper and lower potentials, they are all turned on and kept at 1.4V. The e of the Q3 is 1.4V, which is the reference voltage. After the Q3 is turned on, Vbe=0.3V.
Therefore, the sliding varistor slider terminal voltage is 2V, so the output voltage Vout=VQb*(R3+R4+R5)/(R5+Rp) Rp is the lower resistance of the sliding varistor. This can control the output voltage.
Comparative voltage regulation analysis: When the grid voltage fluctuates and the input voltage rises, the base voltage of the sampling circuit Q3 rises, and the collector voltage drops, the base voltage of Q2 also drops, and the base of Q1 also drops, then Q1 The tube voltage drop Vce increases, causing the output voltage Uo to drop. When the input voltage drops, the effect is reversed.
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