From the circuit structure point of view, the divider is essentially an LC filter network composed of capacitors and inductors. The high-pass channel is a high-pass filter. It only allows high-frequency signals to pass through while blocking low-frequency signals; the bass channel is the other way around. It only allows The bass passes through and blocks high-frequency signals; the mid-range channel is a band-pass filter, except that a low-high, two-frequency crossover frequency can pass, and high-frequency components and low-frequency components will be blocked. In actual frequency dividers, attenuation resistances are sometimes added to balance the difference in sensitivity between the high and bass units. In addition, some frequency dividers also include an impedance compensation network formed by resistors and capacitors. Make the speaker's impedance curve flat, so as to drive the amplifier.
Located behind the power amplifier, set in the speaker, through the LC filter network, the power audio signal output by the power amplifier is divided into bass, midrange and high tone, respectively, to their respective speakers. The connection is simple and easy to use, but it consumes power, there is an audio valley, there is crossover distortion, its parameters are directly related to the speaker impedance, and the impedance of the speaker is a function of the frequency, and the deviation from the nominal value is large, so the error Also large, not conducive to adjustment.
The equipment that divides the weak audio signal is located in front of the power amplifier. After dividing the frequency, separate power amplifiers are used to amplify each audio frequency band signal and send them to the corresponding speaker units. Since the current is smaller, it can be realized with a smaller power electronic active filter, which makes adjustment easier, reduces power loss, and interference between speaker units. The signal loss is small and the sound quality is good. However, in this way, an independent power amplifier is used for each circuit, which has a high cost and a complicated circuit structure and is applied to a professional sound reinforcement system.
The first one is the crossover frequency of the divider. This should not be necessary.
The second one is the “road†of the so-called divider, that is, the divider can divide the input original signal into several different frequency bands. We usually say two-way frequency and three-way frequency, that is, the frequency divider. "road".
The third is the "order" of the divider, also called "class".
A passive divider, in essence, is a complex of several high-pass and low-pass filter circuits, and the number of these filter circuits is the above-mentioned "road." However, in each filter circuit, there is a finer design. In other words, in each filter circuit, multiple filters can be performed respectively. The number of times of filtering is the “order†of the frequency divider.
The first-order divider is also a structure that senses the frequency, and each of the second-order dividers has been filtered twice. This "two-filtering" is the true meaning of "second-order"!
In fact, the phrase “secondary divider†is not standardized, because “order†is not for the entire divider, but for one of the “roads,†so strictly speaking it should be “ Two-way dividers use high- and low-frequency second-order filters because although not common, high-frequency second-order filters and low-frequency first-order filters are also available.
In addition to the first-order frequency division and the second-order frequency division, the passive frequency divider also has third-order, fourth-order, and even sixth-order frequency division. The advantage of using higher-order frequency division is that it has a larger filter attenuation slope, better frequency division effect, and it is also beneficial to design the frequency division compensation circuit (because the frequency divider that is not completely “cleaner†and cleaner) is a good frequency divider. In theory, the two signal curves after frequency division are exactly the same as the original curve after they are superimposed. This is a real good frequency divider. However, the power loss of high-order frequency division is large, especially the phase influence is large. , bad sound design will be a mess. So it is not better to divide the frequency in the higher order.
The 2.0 multi-media speakers on the market use capacitive or resistive-capacity frequency dividers. There are very few frequency dividers, and fewer second-order frequency dividers. If the shock wave SB-2000 uses a first-order frequency divider, and use the second-order frequency divider, only the Swans T200A, M200, Edifier S2000, 1900TIII and so on. (Note: There are many high-end speakers that use second-order frequency division).
The role of divider1, the basic frequency
No matter what type of electronic divider the main functions and tasks of course, frequency. Because there are many kinds of speakers nowadays, what kind of disease energy can be used in the system, and the frequency divider or the frequency divider of the electronic frequency divider must be flexibly configured. Nowadays, commonly used frequency multipliers have 2 frequency division, 3 frequency division, and 4 frequency division. In other cases, exceeding 4 divisions is too complicated and practical. The frequency divider can reasonably distribute the power of each unit so that each unit has an appropriate phase relationship to reduce the interference of the acoustic interference occurring in each unit.
2, protect the speaker
We know that the operating frequencies of different speakers are different. In general, speakers with larger diameters have better low frequency characteristics and lower frequency dive. The electronic frequency divider can provide the optimal operating frequency required by different speakers, compensate for the sound defects of the unit in a certain frequency band, and allow various speakers to work more rationally and safely. Therefore, in addition to frequency division tasks, the electronic frequency divider, the normal use of its more important features are: to protect the speaker equipment.
3, increase the level of sound
If there is a lot of different types of speakers in an audio system and no electronic crossover is used, then there will be many overlapping and repetitive frequencies between different speakers. The sound interference will become very serious and the sound will change. Obscure. If an electronic frequency divider is used in a sound system to perform a reasonable frequency division, so that different speakers are in the best working condition, the sound frequency range between different sound boxes will hardly repeat, and at the same time, the phenomenon of mutual interference between sound waves will be reduced. The sound will be clear and the sound will be better and more layered!
The role of car audio divider in car audio modification
A car audio frequency divider is an audio device that can divide a sound signal into several frequency bands. For example, a two-way frequency divider consists of a high-pass filter and a low-pass filter, and a three-way frequency band adds a band-pass filter. Device. We know that the frequency range of normal audible sounds is in between, and we hope that only one speaker can be used to guarantee delivery. Such wide-frequency sounds are difficult to achieve because of technical problems and difficulties. Therefore, under normal circumstances, high-quality playback systems, in order to ensure the frequency response and bandwidth of the reproduced sound, mostly use high-bass/separate playback in the professional category, and use high and low sounds to separate the playback sound. Use a divider. The divider is the "brain" of the car stereo and is crucial to the sound quality.
Car audio divider wiring methodThe package speaker consists of a tweeter unit, a bass speaker, and a crossover. The full-band audio signal passes through a crossover and separates the high-pitched signal from the mid-bass and low-pitched signals before being sent to the corresponding tweeter and bass speaker. The advantage of this is that it can make the sound clearer and clearer. Of course, the wiring of the suit horn is also more complicated than the coaxial horn. If the wiring is not correct, the sound will be very difficult to hear, but it will burn the expensive speaker unit (especially the tweeter) or the divider or even the host (amplifier). For this purpose, we will introduce in detail the correct wiring method for the next two-way speaker kits. First look at the six terminals of the crossover, above the transparent plexiglass housing, marked from left to right: "IN+-", "Tweeter+-", "Woofer+-". They respectively indicate: the positive terminal of the input line, the negative terminal of the input line, the positive terminal of the tweeter, the negative terminal of the tweeter, the terminal of the medium-low-bass lead, and the negative terminal of the mid-woofer.
1. "IN+-" indicates the input of the audio signal, and the host (or amplifier output) should be connected to these two terminals. The "+" positive pole and the "-" negative pole must correspond to the output of the main unit (or power amplifier), and must not be connected incorrectly. If it is reversed, there will be a situation in which the sound of the left door and the sound of the right side are in antiphase, so that the bass is weakened or even completely cancelled. This is reflected in many riders: "After changing the speakers, the bass effect is not as good as the original car's speaker.
2. “Tweeter+-†is the terminal of the tweeter. The positive and negative terminals of the tweeter should correspond to the marks on the divider. Do not connect it wrong. The cathode of the tweeter is black, and the cathode is black/red striped.
3. "Woofer+-" is the terminal of the bass speaker. The positive and negative electrodes of the bass woofer should correspond to those marked on the crossover, and must not be connected incorrectly. If the connection is wrong, the same bass attenuation (or even full cancellation) as that of the input terminal "IN+-", which is described above, will also occur.
Special attention: The three ports of input terminal, tweeter terminal, and bass speaker terminal must not be connected wrongly. In addition, some riders are the first level of audio upgrade - just replace the original car speakers. Since the original car's horn cable has no positive and negative logos, it may not know which one is positive and which one is negative when wiring. For this reason, in the absence of professional equipment, as an amateur DIY enthusiast, you can use the following method to determine the positive and negative of these two lines: Cut the plug of the original car horn and insert it into the horn of the original car. Get a 1.5V dry Battery. One of the original car horns is connected to the negative pole of the battery, and the other line quickly touches the positive pole of the battery to observe the movement direction of the diaphragm (cone). If it is moving forward, the line connecting the negative pole of the battery is now connected. Is the negative pole, the original car on the corresponding speaker line should be connected to the negative input terminal of the crossover, and of course the other is the positive pole. If the speaker diaphragm (cone) of the horn is moving backwards, it means that the line that is connected to the negative pole of the battery is positive. The corresponding speaker line on the original car should be connected to the input terminal of the crossover. . The singer Yueyue car audio reminds you not to try the newly purchased horn.
Although there are separate tweeters and woofers for many models, the original car does not have a dedicated crossover (generally only a capacitor is connected to the tweeter for high-pass filtering). The sound produced by the subwoofer is still "band". The distortion is large, and the high-frequency overlap is so severe that the sound is chaotic and the level is unclear. Its high-pitched horn line and middle-woofer horn line are connected in parallel. When connecting the input terminal of the crossover, any one of them can be connected, but we suggest that the rider or the woofer line of the original car should be better. Because some vehicles' treble lines will be finer. Another group is wrapped with insulating tape to prevent short circuit.
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